LearnWithTest

1 A 2-year-old boy is brought because he cannot walk independently, speaks only meaningless sounds, and does not play socially with other children. Examination shows no focal neurological deficits but milestones are delayed in multiple domains. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Isolated speech delay Global developmental delay Specific learning disorder Normal developmental variation

2 A 3-year-old girl had normal development until 18 months, after which she lost speech, developed repetitive hand-wringing movements, and has progressive microcephaly. Which disorder best explains this presentation?

Autism spectrum disorder Rett syndrome Cerebral palsy Fragile X syndrome

3 A 4-year-old boy has poor eye contact, does not respond to his name, shows repetitive spinning behaviors, and has delayed speech. His hearing test is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Autism spectrum disorder Hearing impairment Expressive language delay ADHD

4 A 9-month-old infant is unable to sit without support. Examination reveals increased tone in lower limbs and scissoring posture. Pregnancy was complicated by prematurity. What is the most likely cause?

Spinal muscular atrophy Spastic cerebral palsy Benign developmental delay Autism spectrum disorder

5 A 2-year-old child presents with speech delay. Parents report the child does not respond to loud sounds. Otoacoustic emissions are abnormal. What is the most appropriate next step?

Autism therapy immediately Hearing rehabilitation and early intervention MRI brain Start antiepileptic drugs

6 A newborn screening test shows elevated TSH. At 6 months, the infant has lethargy, hypotonia, and delayed milestones. What is the most critical treatment?

Speech therapy only Immediate levothyroxine therapy Behavioral therapy No treatment needed

7 A 5-year-old boy has IQ of 55, significant delay since infancy, and poor adaptive functioning in daily activities. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Specific learning disorder Intellectual disability Autism spectrum disorder ADHD

8 A 15-month-old infant has delayed walking. Head circumference is rapidly increasing and bulging fontanelle is present. What is the next best investigation?

Speech assessment MRI brain Autism screening tool Serum calcium only

9 A child with global developmental delay has dysmorphic facial features, hypotonia, and a single palmar crease. What is the most likely genetic condition?

Down syndrome Fragile X syndrome Rett syndrome Tourette syndrome

10 A child develops developmental regression, vomiting, seizures, and elevated serum ammonia. Which underlying disorder is most likely?

Autism spectrum disorder Urea cycle defect Cerebral palsy Specific learning disorder

11 A 2-year-old boy shows no pointing, no joint attention, prefers lining up toys, and has limited social interaction. Which developmental domain is primarily impaired?

Gross motor development Social communication Fine motor development Vision only

12 A premature infant with history of intraventricular hemorrhage now presents with delayed milestones and increased tone in all limbs. What is the most likely etiology?

Perinatal brain injury Hearing impairment Normal variation Autism spectrum disorder

13 A 6-year-old child has normal intelligence but persistent difficulty reading, spelling, and academic underachievement despite adequate schooling. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Intellectual disability Specific learning disorder (dyslexia) Autism spectrum disorder Global developmental delay

14 A 4-year-old child presents with regression, ataxia, and progressive vision loss. MRI shows diffuse white matter degeneration consistent with leukodystrophy. What type of disorder is this?

Static encephalopathy Neurodegenerative disorder Benign developmental delay Autism spectrum disorder

15 A child with autism develops severe irritability, aggression, and self-injurious behavior interfering with therapy. Which medication is most appropriate for symptomatic control?

Levothyroxine Risperidone Penicillin Iron supplementation