LearnWithTest

1 A 29-year-old man from a rural area develops high fever, severe headache, confusion, and seizures after consuming raw date palm sap. MRI brain shows multifocal cortical lesions. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Herpes simplex encephalitis Japanese encephalitis Nipah virus encephalitis West Nile virus infection

2 A nurse develops fever and altered mental status 7 days after caring for a Nipah patient without proper PPE. What is the most likely mode of transmission?

Fecal–oral route Vector-borne transmission Human-to-human respiratory droplets Waterborne exposure

3 A patient with confirmed Nipah virus infection rapidly deteriorates with coma and brain edema. What is the primary pathological mechanism causing neurological damage?

Demyelination of neurons Autoimmune destruction of brain tissue Endothelial infection causing cerebral vasculitis Direct spinal cord infarction

4 A suspected Nipah patient presents with fever, cough, hypoxia, and confusion. Which clinical combination predicts the highest mortality risk?

Fever and myalgia only Respiratory failure with encephalitis Mild thrombocytopenia Gastrointestinal symptoms alone

5 A patient presents early in Nipah infection. Why is RT-PCR preferred over antibody testing for diagnosis?

It detects bacterial coinfections It identifies viral RNA before antibody production It predicts prognosis accurately It is cheaper than ELISA

6 A survivor of Nipah encephalitis returns 6 months later with seizures and cognitive decline. What is the most likely cause?

New bacterial meningitis Relapsing Nipah encephalitis Brain tumor Primary epilepsy

7 A critically ill Nipah patient develops shock, ARDS, and multi-organ failure. What is the most appropriate management?

High-dose antiviral monotherapy Supportive ICU care with ventilation and organ support Immediate neurosurgery Antibiotics alone

8 A public health investigation links a Nipah outbreak to a fruit orchard. What is the natural reservoir of the virus?

Rodents Fruit bats (Pteropus species) Pigs Domestic poultry

9 A Nipah patient develops thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes. Which mechanism best explains these findings?

Bone marrow suppression Immune-mediated platelet destruction Systemic endothelial and organ injury from viral infection Autoimmune hepatitis

10 A suspected Nipah case is admitted to hospital. Which infection control measure is most critical to prevent spread?

Standard precautions only Droplet and contact isolation No isolation required Vector control only

11 A patient with Nipah virus develops persistent seizures. What is the most likely underlying brain pathology?

Neurocysticercosis Diffuse viral encephalitis Brain abscess Intracranial tumor

12 A rural community experiences repeated Nipah outbreaks. Which preventive measure is most effective at the population level?

Mass antibiotic prophylaxis Avoiding raw date palm sap consumption Routine vaccination of humans Rodent eradication programs

13 A severely ill Nipah patient is offered an experimental antiviral. Which drug has shown potential benefit?

Ribavirin Oseltamivir Acyclovir Chloroquine

14 A Nipah survivor reports memory loss, mood changes, and chronic fatigue months after recovery. What explains these symptoms?

Psychiatric disorder only Residual neurological brain damage Vitamin deficiency Thyroid dysfunction

15 A Nipah outbreak occurs in a pig-farming region. What is the epidemiological role of pigs in transmission?

Primary reservoir host Intermediate amplifier host Dead-end host No role in transmission